Menopause is the point in time when you have gone 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period and there is no other medical cause. It marks the end of the reproductive years and most often occurs between ages 45 and 55.
The years leading up to menopause are known as perimenopause, when hormone levels fluctuate and symptoms often begin. The years after menopause are called postmenopause.
As menopause approaches, the ovaries gradually produce less estrogen and progesterone and ovulation becomes less frequent. By menopause, menstrual periods have stopped and ovarian production of these reproductive hormones has declined substantially.
Estrogen affects many areas of the body, including the brain, bones, heart and blood vessels, skin, urinary tract, and vaginal tissues. Changes in estrogen levels help explain why menopause can affect much more than the menstrual cycle.
After menopause, the body continues to produce smaller amounts of estrogen, including estrone, which is produced largely through the conversion of hormones in body tissues.
Any vaginal bleeding after menopause should be evaluated by a healthcare professional, even if it is only light spotting.
Menopause itself is a single point in time, the 12-month mark after your final menstrual period. The transition leading up to it is perimenopause, while the years that follow are known as postmenopause.
Menopause symptoms do not necessarily begin or end at this point. Symptoms often start during perimenopause and may continue into postmenopause, although their type, frequency, and severity vary considerably from woman to woman.
Menopause affects every woman differently. Some experience few symptoms, while others notice changes that significantly affect daily life.
Common symptoms can include:
Symptoms can change over time, and not every change during midlife is necessarily caused by menopause.
Consider talking with a healthcare professional if menopause symptoms are affecting your sleep, wellbeing, relationships, or daily life, or if you have questions about treatment options.
Seek medical advice if you experience:
A healthcare professional can help determine whether symptoms are related to menopause or another condition and discuss treatment options that may be appropriate for you.
Menopause is a natural life transition, but symptoms do not simply have to be endured. Depending on your symptoms, health history, and preferences, there are many ways to support your health and wellbeing.
These may include regular physical activity, balanced nutrition, good sleep habits, stress management, and maintaining bone and cardiovascular health. For bothersome symptoms, hormone therapy and nonhormonal treatment options may also be considered.
The right approach is individual. Understanding your options can help you have more informed conversations with your healthcare provider.
If you'd like to explore menopause in greater depth, Menopause Spotlight: Your Essential Guide to Perimenopause, Menopause, and Beyond brings together information about symptoms, hormonal changes, treatment options, lifestyle strategies, and long-term health in one easy-to-follow resource.
Inside you'll find:
Available in paperback, hardcover, and eBook.
The information provided on this page is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
Always consult a qualified healthcare professional with questions about your symptoms, health, medications, or treatment options.